The story of Denmark
Hunters followed the retreating ice into Denmark more than 12,000 years ago, and farming communities later raised dolmens and burial mounds that still dot the countryside. The Bronze Age left treasures like the gleaming Trundholm Sun Chariot, while peat bogs preserved remarkable Iron Age bodies such as Tollund Man. By the 8th century, Danish Vikings were sailing from these shores to raid, trade and settle across Britain, France and beyond.
Around 965, King Harald Bluetooth declared the Danes Christian on a great runestone at Jelling, often called Denmark's birth certificate. His grandson Cnut the Great ruled a North Sea empire including England and Norway. In 1397 Queen Margrete I joined Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the Kalmar Union. Sweden broke away in the 16th century, the Lutheran Reformation arrived in 1536, and under Christian IV Copenhagen gained grand Renaissance buildings.
Read the full history
Wars with Sweden cost Denmark its eastern provinces in 1658, and Norway was ceded in 1814. A peaceful transition brought a democratic constitution in 1849, but defeat by Prussia in 1864 lost Schleswig and Holstein. Turning inward, Danes built cooperative farming, folk high schools and a strong sense of community. During the German occupation of 1940-45, ordinary Danes famously helped most of the country's Jews escape by boat to neutral Sweden in 1943.
After the war Denmark joined NATO and, in 1973, the European Community, while building one of the world's most generous welfare states. Today it is known for design, cycling, sustainable energy and the cosy concept of hygge. Visitors can explore Viking ships and runestones, Renaissance castles like Kronborg, the colourful harbours of Copenhagen and Nyhavn, and windswept coastlines from Skagen to the chalk cliffs of Møn.
Timeline
- c. 10,000 BCHunter-gatherers settle after the Ice Age
- c. 1400 BCTrundholm Sun Chariot made in the Bronze Age
- c. 965Harald Bluetooth raises the Jelling stone
- 1397Kalmar Union unites Denmark, Norway and Sweden
- 1536Lutheran Reformation adopted
- 1849First democratic constitution
- 1943Most Danish Jews rescued to Sweden
- 1973Denmark joins the European Community
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- Schengen Area – Part of the Schengen Area – 29 European countries with no passport checks between them. Short visits are usually counted under the 90-days-in-any-180 rule across the whole area.
- European Union – EU member – EU/EEA citizens can travel and stay freely.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of the Schengen Area (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Denmark appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Denmark
- Ride Tivoli GardensSpend an evening among the twinkling lights and historic rides of Copenhagen's classic amusement park.
- Cycle CopenhagenJoin locals on dedicated bike lanes from Nyhavn's painted houses to the harbour baths.
- Tour Kronborg CastleExplore the Renaissance fortress at Helsingør that inspired Shakespeare's Hamlet.
- See Viking shipsAdmire reconstructed longships and try sailing at the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde.
- Stand where two seas meetWalk to Grenen at Skagen, where the Skagerrak and Kattegat collide in a line of waves.
- Explore ARoSWalk the rainbow panorama on the roof of Aarhus's art museum.
- Visit LegolandMarvel at miniature cities built from millions of bricks in Billund, home of Lego.
- Hike Møns KlintDescend wooden stairs to the beach beneath dazzling white chalk cliffs.
- Eat smørrebrødLunch on open sandwiches piled with herring, roast beef or shrimp on rye bread.
- Explore Louisiana MuseumCombine modern art and sculpture gardens overlooking the sea north of Copenhagen.
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Where to go in Denmark
- CopenhagenZealand · capitalA stylish, walkable capital of canals, palaces, design shops and world-famous food.
- AarhusEast Jutland · cultureA young, vibrant city with ARoS, the open-air Den Gamle By museum and a lively waterfront.
- SkagenNorth Jutland · coast & artGolden light, yellow houses and wild dunes that inspired a celebrated artists' colony.
- OdenseFunen · fairy talesHans Christian Andersen's birthplace, with a museum devoted to his life and stories.
- 📍RibeSouth-west Jutland · Viking townDenmark's oldest town, with a cathedral, half-timbered houses and a night-watchman tour.
- BornholmBaltic island · round churchesA rocky island of fishing villages, smokehouses and unique round medieval churches.
- 📍Møns KlintMøn · cliffsTowering chalk cliffs above turquoise water in a UNESCO biosphere reserve.
- 📍RoskildeZealand · historyHome to a royal cathedral, the Viking Ship Museum and a famous summer music festival.
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- Cycle around Copenhagen like a local
- Ride the old rides at Tivoli Gardens
- Stand where two seas meet at Grenen near Skagen
- Enjoy hygge with coffee and pastries in a cosy café
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- Smørrebrød – open-faced rye sandwiches with many toppings
- Frikadeller – pan-fried pork meatballs
- Stegt flæsk – crispy pork with potatoes and parsley sauce
- Wienerbrød – flaky Danish pastry
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Best time to visit Denmark
Denmark has a temperate maritime climate with mild summers and cool, grey winters, and rain spread throughout the year. Coastal winds are common, and the west coast of Jutland is the breeziest region.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Copenhagen (approximate averages).
- Late June-early JulyRoskilde FestivalOne of Europe's largest music festivals, run as a non-profit for charity.
- JulyCopenhagen Jazz FestivalHundreds of concerts spill into the city's clubs, parks and squares.
- JuneSankt Hans AftenDanes gather around beach bonfires and sing on Midsummer Eve, 23 June.
- Late August-SeptemberAarhus FestugeA city-wide arts festival of music, theatre and installations.
- Late November-DecemberChristmas marketsTivoli and town squares glow with stalls of gløgg and æbleskiver.
How many days in Denmark?
Days 1-2 explore Copenhagen's Nyhavn, Tivoli, Rosenborg and Christiania by bike. Day 3 head north to Louisiana and Kronborg. Day 4 visit Roskilde's cathedral and Viking ships.
Days 1-3 Copenhagen and North Zealand castles. Days 4-5 Odense and Funen's countryside. Days 6-7 Aarhus and ARoS, then days 8-10 travel to Skagen, with a stop in Ribe or Legoland on the way back.
Backpacker budget: about $80–110 a day
- Book DSB train 'Orange' tickets in advance for big savings on intercity routes.
- Copenhagen's Vesterbro and Nørrebro districts have the best hostels and cheap eats.
- Rent a bike or use city bike schemes – it is the cheapest and fastest way to get around.
- Buy picnic supplies and pastries at supermarkets and bakeries; restaurant meals are expensive.
- Many museums have a free-entry day or evening, and parks and harbour baths are free.
Stay safe
- Denmark is very safe; watch for pickpockets around Copenhagen Central Station and Strøget.
- Never walk in bike lanes – cyclists move fast and expect a clear path.
- Swim only in designated areas; Baltic and North Sea currents can be strong.
- Follow local rules in Christiania, including not taking photos in certain areas.
Money
- Denmark uses the Danish krone, not the euro.
- Cards and mobile payments are accepted almost everywhere, even for small purchases.
- Service is included in prices; tipping is not expected but rounding up is appreciated.
Emergency: 112 police, fire & ambulance
Copenhagen Airport is the main gateway, with Billund and Aarhus serving Jutland; trains and the Øresund Bridge link Copenhagen with Sweden, and there is a land border and rail link with Germany plus ferries to Norway and Sweden.
✈️ Cheap flights to Denmark: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- The Danish monarchy is one of the oldest continuous monarchies in the world.
- The Danish flag, the Dannebrog, is often called the oldest national flag still in use.
- Lego comes from the Danish 'leg godt', meaning 'play well'.
- Copenhagen has more bicycles than cars.
- No point in Denmark is more than about 50 kilometres from the sea.
Denmark travel questions
Is Denmark safe for tourists?
Yes, Denmark is one of the safest countries in the world. Petty theft can happen in busy parts of Copenhagen, so keep an eye on your belongings.
When is the best time to visit Denmark?
May to September offers the warmest weather and longest days. December is popular for Christmas markets despite the cold.
How many days do you need in Denmark?
Three or four days covers Copenhagen and day trips. A week to ten days lets you add Odense, Aarhus and Skagen.
Is Denmark expensive?
Denmark is one of Europe's pricier destinations, especially for dining out and accommodation. Hostels, bikes, supermarkets and free museums help keep costs down.
Do people speak English in Denmark?
Yes, most Danes speak excellent English. Public transport is efficient, and cycling is the easiest way to get around cities.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Fast trains and long bridges link the islands and Jutland. Cycling is easy everywhere, and Copenhagen has a driverless metro.
- Roskilde Cathedral – UNESCO-listed brick cathedral, burial place of Danish kings and queens
- Jelling – Royal mounds and rune stones marking Denmark's turn to Christianity
- Be on time – punctuality matters
- Never walk or stand in bike lanes
- Make eye contact when saying 'skål' (cheers)
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