The story of Micronesia
The scattered islands of the Federated States of Micronesia were settled by Pacific voyagers more than two thousand years ago, with different waves reaching Yap from the west and the eastern islands from the south. Over centuries each island group developed its own language, chiefly system and traditions. On Pohnpei, the Saudeleur dynasty ruled from Nan Madol, an astonishing complex of artificial islets built from stacked basalt columns on a coral reef, while Kosrae's rulers built a similar walled city at Leluh. On Yap, giant disc-shaped stones quarried in distant Palau and carried home by canoe served as treasured ceremonial money.
European ships sighted the islands from the sixteenth century, and Spain later claimed the Caroline Islands. Whalers, traders and Protestant missionaries arrived in the nineteenth century, bringing new religions and diseases. In 1899 Spain sold the islands to Germany, and in 1914 Japan took control, later developing plantations, towns and military bases. During the Second World War, Chuuk Lagoon was a major Japanese naval anchorage, and American air raids in 1944 sank dozens of ships there.
Read the full history
After the war the islands became part of the US-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The Federated States of Micronesia adopted a constitution in 1979, uniting the states of Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae, and a Compact of Free Association with the United States came into force in 1986. The country joined the United Nations in 1991, and its capital is at Palikir on Pohnpei.
For visitors, Micronesia offers a remarkable mix of ancient wonders and underwater adventure. Nan Madol is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Yap preserves its stone money banks and traditional dress, and Chuuk Lagoon is one of the world's great wreck-diving sites, while lush waterfalls, mangroves and quiet reefs reward those who make the long journey.
Timeline
- 2,000+ years agoPacific voyagers begin settling the islands
- c. 1200The Saudeleur dynasty builds up Nan Madol on Pohnpei
- 1899Spain sells the Caroline Islands to Germany
- 1914Japan takes control of the islands
- 1944US air raids sink a large fleet in Chuuk Lagoon
- 1979The FSM constitution takes effect
- 1986The Compact of Free Association with the US begins
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of the Federated States of Micronesia (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Micronesia appears below as soon as publishers report it.
🛰️ The agents haven't spotted fresh news about Micronesia in the last few days – here is the travel guide, plus the latest from nearby countries.
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Philippine Airlines (PAL) announced it will restore nonstop flights between Ninoy Aquino International Airport (MNL) in Manila and…
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Things to do in Micronesia
- Explore Nan MadolPaddle or wade between the basalt-walled islets of a mysterious ancient city on Pohnpei's reef.
- Dive Chuuk Lagoon's wrecksDescend to sunken wartime ships still holding trucks, aircraft parts and coral-encrusted cargo.
- See Yap's stone moneyWalk village paths lined with massive stone discs that still carry cultural value today.
- Swim with manta rays in YapDive channels where manta rays gather at cleaning stations for much of the year.
- Hike Sokehs RockClimb Pohnpei's landmark basalt ridge for views over Kolonia, the reef and the lagoon.
- Cool off at Kepirohi FallsSwim in a pool beneath a broad waterfall cascading over columnar basalt.
- Kayak Kosrae's mangrovesGlide through quiet mangrove channels on the 'Island of the Sleeping Lady'.
- Visit the Leluh ruinsWander the overgrown walls and canals of Kosrae's ancient royal city.
From 30/09/2026 to 04/10/2026, a Hurricane/Typhoon > 74 mph (maximum wind speed of 250 km/h) CHOI-WAN-26 was active in NWPacific. The cyclone affects these countries: Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Russian Federation, United…
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Where to go in Micronesia
- 📍PohnpeiPohnpei State · rainforest & ruinsThe capital island, with Nan Madol, waterfalls, rainforest hikes and the town of Kolonia.
- Nan MadolPohnpei · UNESCO siteA unique ancient city of basalt islets, best visited at high tide with a local guide.
- Chuuk LagoonChuuk State · wreck divingA vast lagoon filled with wartime wrecks, legendary among scuba divers.
- YapYap State · tradition & mantasA deeply traditional island of stone money, men's houses and manta ray dives.
- 📍KosraeKosrae State · nature & ruinsA quiet, mountainous island with pristine reefs, mangroves and the Leluh ruins.
- 📍Ant AtollOff Pohnpei · atollA biosphere reserve of white-sand islets and rich reefs, reached by boat.
- Dive the sunken WWII fleet in Chuuk Lagoon
- Explore the stone ruins of Nan Madol by boat
- Swim with manta rays in Yap
- Try a sakau ceremony on Pohnpei
- Sakau – ceremonial drink made from pepper plant root on Pohnpei
- Breadfruit – island staple, roasted, boiled or baked
- Taro – starchy root cooked in many ways
- Reef fish – fresh catch, grilled or eaten raw
Best time to visit Micronesia
Micronesia is tropical, humid and warm year-round, with almost no temperature change between months. Pohnpei is one of the wettest inhabited places on Earth, while Yap and Chuuk are somewhat drier.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Kolonia (Pohnpei) (approximate averages).
- MarchYap DayYap's major cultural festival showcases traditional dances, crafts and games in grass skirts and loincloths.
- MayFSM Constitution DayOn 10 May the nation celebrates its constitution with events and gatherings across the islands.
- SeptemberLiberation DaysKosrae and Pohnpei mark the end of wartime occupation with sports, canoe races and feasts.
How many days in Micronesia?
Day 1-2: Kolonia, Sokehs Rock and Kepirohi Falls. Day 3: a guided high-tide trip to Nan Madol. Day 4: a boat day to Ant Atoll for snorkelling. Day 5: rainforest walks before departure.
Day 1-4: Pohnpei and Nan Madol. Day 5-7: fly to Chuuk for wreck dives in the lagoon. Day 8-10: continue to Kosrae for the Leluh ruins, mangrove kayaking and reef snorkelling.
Backpacker budget: about $70–100 a day
- Flights between the islands are the biggest cost – plan your route around the island-hopper schedule, which runs only a few times a week.
- Budget accommodation is limited to small family-run guesthouses, so book ahead.
- Eat at local snack shops for rice, fish, breadfruit and taro dishes at low cost.
- Shared taxis are a cheap way to get around Kolonia and Weno.
- Bring your own snorkel gear and reef-safe sunscreen.
Stay safe
- Micronesia is generally safe, but avoid isolated areas after dark and be cautious where alcohol is involved, especially on Chuuk.
- Always ask permission before entering village land, beaches or ruins – most land is privately or clan owned.
- Dive only with experienced operators, as Chuuk's wrecks are deep and penetration dives carry real risks.
- Medical facilities are basic; take good travel insurance with evacuation cover.
Money
- The US dollar is the official currency.
- ATMs exist in the main towns, but bring enough cash, as cards are accepted only at a few hotels and dive shops.
- Tipping is not traditional, though it is appreciated for guides and dive crews.
Emergency: 911
Pohnpei, Chuuk and Kosrae are linked by the island-hopper route between Guam and Honolulu, while Yap has flights via Guam.
✈️ Cheap flights to Micronesia: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Yap's stone money discs can be taller than a person and weigh several tonnes.
- Ownership of Yapese stone money can change hands without the stone ever moving.
- Pohnpei receives so much rain that some mountain areas are among the wettest on Earth.
- The four states speak different languages, with English used as the common official language.
- Chuuk Lagoon is often called the world's largest underwater 'museum' of wartime ships.
Micronesia travel questions
Is Micronesia safe for tourists?
The FSM is generally safe and welcoming. Take care at night, respect local land rules and choose reputable dive operators.
When is the best time to visit Micronesia?
January to March is usually the least rainy, though rain is possible year-round. Diving is good in every season.
Do I need a visa for Micronesia?
Entry rules depend on your passport, and each state may have its own procedures. Check the official FSM government site or embassy before you travel.
How many days do you need in Micronesia?
Five days is enough for one island like Pohnpei. Allow ten days or more to visit several states, as flights are infrequent.
What language is spoken in Micronesia?
English is the official language and is widely understood. Each state also has its own language, such as Pohnpeian, Chuukese, Yapese and Kosraean.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Each state is reached by flights on the United Airlines island-hopper route. On the islands, use rental cars, taxis or boats arranged through hotels and dive shops.
- Dress modestly in villages; women should cover their thighs, especially on Yap
- Ask permission before entering village land or taking photos
- Respect local customs and land ownership – many beaches belong to families
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