The story of Trinidad and Tobago
Long before Europeans arrived, Trinidad and Tobago were home to Indigenous peoples, including Arawak-speaking and Carib communities who fished, farmed cassava and traded by canoe with the South American mainland just a few kilometres away. Christopher Columbus sighted Trinidad in 1498 and named it after the Holy Trinity, and Spain claimed the island, though it remained a sparsely settled outpost for nearly three centuries.
In the late eighteenth century Spain invited Catholic settlers, many of them French planters from other Caribbean islands, who arrived with enslaved Africans and turned Trinidad toward sugar and cocoa. Britain captured the island in 1797, while tiny Tobago changed hands between European powers many times before becoming British. After slavery was abolished in the 1830s, tens of thousands of indentured labourers came from India, alongside smaller numbers from China, Portugal and the Middle East, laying the foundations of today's remarkably diverse society. The two islands were joined in a single colony in 1889.
Read the full history
Oil was discovered in the early twentieth century, and petroleum and natural gas transformed the economy. Labour movements in the 1930s helped push for self-government, and under Eric Williams, often called the father of the nation, Trinidad and Tobago gained independence in 1962. It became a republic in 1976 and has since grown into one of the Caribbean's most industrialised and prosperous nations.
For visitors, this layered history explodes into colour at Carnival, the birthplace of calypso, soca and the steelpan. Hindu temples, mosques and churches share the landscape, and street food fuses African, Indian and Chinese flavours. Trinidad offers rainforest, birdlife and nightlife, while Tobago delivers sleepy villages, coral reefs and some of the oldest protected rainforest in the Western Hemisphere.
Timeline
- 1498Columbus sights Trinidad and names it
- 1783Spanish decree invites Catholic settlers
- 1797Britain captures Trinidad
- 1838Full emancipation of enslaved people
- 1845First indentured labourers arrive from India
- 1889Trinidad and Tobago united as one colony
- 1962Independence from Britain
- 1976Becomes a republic
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- CARICOM – CARICOM member – Caribbean Community citizens often have easier entry.
- Commonwealth – Commonwealth member.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Trinidad and Tobago (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Trinidad and Tobago appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Trinidad and Tobago
- Play mas at CarnivalJoin a costumed band dancing through Port of Spain to thunderous soca in one of the world's greatest street parties.
- Hear the steelpanVisit a panyard in the weeks before Carnival to watch steel orchestras rehearse the instrument invented here.
- Eat doublesGrab a breakfast of curried chickpeas folded into soft fried bara from a roadside vendor.
- Bake and shark at MaracasSwim at Maracas Bay then devour fried shark in a bun loaded with sauces and toppings.
- Caroni Swamp scarlet ibisTake a boat at dusk to watch flocks of brilliant red ibis come in to roost in the mangroves.
- Snorkel Buccoo ReefGlide over coral gardens off Tobago and float in the shallow Nylon Pool lagoon.
- Watch leatherback turtlesSee giant leatherbacks nesting on beaches such as Grande Riviere and Matura during the nesting season.
- Pitch LakeWalk across the surface of the world's largest natural asphalt lake at La Brea.
- Asa Wright birdingSpot hummingbirds, toucans and oilbirds in the misty rainforest of the Northern Range.
- Tobago's Main RidgeHike through the protected rainforest reserve to waterfalls and lookout points.
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Where to go in Trinidad and Tobago
- 📍Port of SpainTrinidad · capitalThe lively capital of colonial mansions around the Queen's Park Savannah and the beating heart of Carnival.
- 📍Maracas BayNorth coast · beachTrinidad's most popular beach, framed by green hills and famous for bake and shark.
- Caroni SwampWest Trinidad · wetlandsA mangrove reserve where thousands of scarlet ibis, the national bird, roost at sunset.
- 📍Northern RangeTrinidad · rainforestForested mountains with waterfalls, hiking trails and world-class birdwatching.
- Pigeon PointTobago · beachA postcard beach of white sand and turquoise water with a much-photographed thatched jetty.
- 📍SpeysideNortheast Tobago · divingA quiet fishing village that is a gateway to excellent diving and Little Tobago island's seabirds.
- 📍Main Ridge Forest ReserveTobago · rainforestAmong the oldest legally protected forest reserves in the Western Hemisphere, rich in birds.
- 📍Grande RiviereNortheast Trinidad · turtlesA remote beach that hosts one of the densest leatherback turtle nesting sites in the world.
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#Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#Visas & Entry Rules- Play mas at Carnival
- Watch scarlet ibis at Caroni Swamp
- Hear a steelpan band
- Snorkel Buccoo Reef in Tobago
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- Doubles – curried chickpeas in soft fried bread
- Bake and shark – fried shark in fried bread
- Roti – flatbread wrapped around curry
- Pelau – rice with chicken and pigeon peas
Best time to visit Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago is hot and tropical all year, with a dry season from January to May and a rainy season from June to December. Tobago is often a little breezier and drier than Trinidad's interior.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Port of Spain (approximate averages).
- February-MarchTrinidad CarnivalTwo days of costumed parades, J'ouvert mud-and-paint revelry and soca fetes before Ash Wednesday.
- October-NovemberDivaliHindu festival of lights when communities glow with thousands of clay deyas.
- AugustEmancipation DayCelebrated on 1 August with processions honouring African heritage and the end of slavery.
- July-AugustTobago Heritage FestivalVillages across Tobago stage traditional music, dance, weddings and storytelling.
- VariesHosayColourful processions of decorated tombs and drumming held by the Muslim community, notably in St James.
How many days in Trinidad and Tobago?
Day 1-2 explore Port of Spain, the Savannah and street food, then an evening boat trip in Caroni Swamp. Day 3 Maracas Bay. Day 4-5 birdwatching and waterfall hikes in the Northern Range.
Day 1-4 Port of Spain, Caroni Swamp, Maracas and the Northern Range. Day 5 Pitch Lake. Day 6-10 take the ferry or a short flight to Tobago for Pigeon Point, Buccoo Reef, the Main Ridge rainforest and diving at Speyside.
Backpacker budget: about $50–80 a day
- Street food like doubles, roti and aloo pie is cheap, filling and found everywhere.
- Shared 'route taxis' and maxi taxis (minibuses, colour-coded by route) are the cheapest way to get around Trinidad.
- The inter-island ferry between Port of Spain and Scarborough is far cheaper than flying – book ahead around holidays.
- Accommodation prices soar around Carnival, so book months ahead or visit in the shoulder months for better deals.
- Crown Point in southwest Tobago is the easiest base for budget guesthouses, beaches and nightlife.
Stay safe
- Crime is a concern in parts of Trinidad, especially at night – check your government's latest advice and ask locals which areas to avoid.
- Use registered taxis (with an H on the licence plate) or rides arranged by your accommodation after dark.
- Keep valuables out of sight at Carnival and on beaches, and don't leave belongings unattended.
- Swim only where locals do; some north-coast beaches have strong currents.
Money
- The currency is the Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD); US dollars are sometimes accepted but change is given in TTD.
- Cards are accepted in hotels, malls and larger restaurants, but carry cash for street food and taxis.
- Check bills for a service charge; if none is included, a tip of 10-15% is customary.
Emergency: 999 police · 990 fire · 811 ambulance
Piarco International Airport near Port of Spain is the main gateway, with some international flights also landing at Tobago's ANR Robinson Airport; ferries and short flights link the two islands.
✈️ Cheap flights to Trinidad and Tobago: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- The steelpan, invented in Trinidad in the twentieth century, is often called the only acoustic instrument invented in the 1900s.
- Pitch Lake at La Brea is the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world.
- Trinidad was once joined to South America and its wildlife is closer to Venezuela's than to other Caribbean islands.
- Calypso and soca music were both born in Trinidad and Tobago.
- Tobago's Main Ridge Forest Reserve was protected in 1776, making it one of the oldest such reserves in the Western Hemisphere.
Trinidad and Tobago travel questions
Is Trinidad and Tobago safe for tourists?
Most visits are trouble-free, but Trinidad has relatively high crime in certain areas, so use registered taxis at night and stay alert. Tobago is generally more relaxed; check your government's latest travel advice before you go.
When is the best time to visit Trinidad and Tobago?
January to May is the dry season and the most popular time, especially during Carnival. The rainy season brings short, heavy showers but fewer crowds.
How many days do you need in Trinidad and Tobago?
Five days covers Trinidad's highlights, while a week to ten days lets you add a relaxing stay on Tobago.
Do I need a visa for Trinidad and Tobago?
It depends on your passport – check the official government site or the nearest embassy before you travel.
What food is Trinidad and Tobago known for?
Try doubles, roti, bake and shark, pelau and callaloo, plus Tobago's curried crab and dumplings. The food blends African, Indian, Chinese and Creole influences.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Maxi-taxis and route taxis are the local way to travel, while rental cars give more freedom. Ferries and short flights link Trinidad and Tobago.
- Temple in the Sea – Hindu temple built on a causeway into the sea at Waterloo
- La Divina Pastora Church, Siparia – Shrine honoured by both Catholics and Hindus
- Greet people with good morning or good afternoon
- Respect Hindu and Muslim customs at temples and mosques
- Cover up beachwear in towns
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