The story of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina sits where mountains, rivers and empires meet. In ancient times Illyrian tribes lived in its valleys before the Romans absorbed the region into their province of Dalmatia, building roads and spa towns. Slavic peoples settled here from the sixth and seventh centuries, and by the Middle Ages a Bosnian kingdom had emerged, known for its distinctive church and the carved stone tombstones called stećci that still stand in fields and hillsides.
The Ottomans conquered Bosnia in 1463 and Herzegovina soon after, ushering in four centuries of rule that reshaped the land. Many Bosnians converted to Islam, and cities like Sarajevo and Mostar grew around mosques, bazaars, caravanserais and graceful stone bridges. Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim and Jewish communities lived side by side, giving the country its famous blend of cultures, cuisine and architecture.
Read the full history
In 1878 Austria-Hungary took over administration, later annexing the territory in 1908 and adding grand facades, trams and railways. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 helped trigger the First World War. Afterwards Bosnia became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and after the Second World War a republic within socialist Yugoslavia. Sarajevo hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics, a moment of international pride.
As Yugoslavia broke apart, Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence in 1992, followed by a devastating war that ended with the Dayton Agreement in 1995. The country has since rebuilt, and the reconstructed Old Bridge of Mostar has become a symbol of reconciliation. Travellers today find a welcoming, affordable destination of Ottoman old towns, Austro-Hungarian avenues, emerald rivers and dramatic mountains, along with thoughtful museums that help explain its complex past.
Timeline
- 9 ADRegion absorbed into the Roman Empire
- 1377Tvrtko I crowned king of Bosnia
- 1463Ottoman conquest of Bosnia
- 1566Stari Most bridge completed in Mostar
- 1878Austro-Hungarian administration begins
- 1914Assassination in Sarajevo sparks World War I
- 1984Sarajevo hosts the Winter Olympics
- 1992Independence declared
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Bosnia and Herzegovina appears below as soon as publishers report it.
Exercise increased caution in Bosnia and Herzegovina due to risk of crime , landmines , and terrorism . Recent unrest has been politically related. While it has not impacted tourists or members of the international community…
#Bosnia and Herzegovina#Visas & Entry RulesExercise increased caution in Bosnia and Herzegovina due to risk of crime, landmines, and terrorism. Advisory summary Recent unrest has been politically related. While it has not impacted tourists or members of the international…
#Bosnia and Herzegovina#Visas & Entry RulesThings to do in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Watch the Mostar bridge diversSee local divers leap from the arching Stari Most into the cold, green Neretva River below.
- Sip coffee in BaščaršijaSit in Sarajevo's Ottoman bazaar with a copper pot of Bosnian coffee and a sugar cube.
- Eat ćevapiTear into grilled minced-meat sausages stuffed into fluffy somun bread with raw onions.
- Swim at Kravica WaterfallsCool off in turquoise pools beneath a wide curtain of cascades in Herzegovina.
- Ride the Trebević cable carGlide above Sarajevo to explore the abandoned Olympic bobsled track in the forest.
- Raft the Tara or Una RiverPaddle through canyons on whitewater rapids in some of Europe's cleanest rivers.
- Explore Blagaj TekkeVisit a dervish house tucked beneath a cliff at the mouth of the Buna River spring.
- Hike in Sutjeska National ParkTrek through primeval forest at Perućica and up toward Maglić, the country's highest peak.
- Wander Jajce's waterfallMarvel at a waterfall plunging right through the middle of a medieval hilltop town.
- Learn at the War Tunnel MuseumWalk a preserved section of the tunnel that once connected besieged Sarajevo to the outside world.
Where to go in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- SarajevoCentral · capitalA captivating capital where minarets, church spires and Austro-Hungarian facades share the same few streets.
- MostarHerzegovina · old townFamous for its rebuilt Ottoman bridge and cobbled bazaar lanes along the Neretva.
- 📍Kravica WaterfallsHerzegovina · natureA spectacular series of falls and swimming pools, best in late spring and summer.
- JajceCentral · historic townA fortified royal town with a waterfall in its centre and nearby watermills.
- 📍PočiteljHerzegovina · fortified villageA stone village climbing a hillside to an Ottoman tower with sweeping river views.
- VišegradEast · river townHome to the UNESCO-listed Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge, immortalised in literature.
- 📍Una National ParkNorthwest · natureCrystal-clear river, waterfalls at Štrbački Buk and great rafting and kayaking.
- 📍BlagajHerzegovina · spiritual siteA tranquil Sufi tekke beside a powerful karst spring, a short hop from Mostar.
- Watch the bridge divers in Mostar
- Drink Bosnian coffee in Baščaršija
- Raft the Una or Neretva rivers
- Ride the cable car up Mount Trebević
- Ćevapi – small grilled sausages in flatbread with onions
- Burek – spiral pastry filled with meat
- Begova čorba – creamy chicken and vegetable soup
- Bosnian coffee – strong coffee served in a copper pot
Best time to visit Bosnia and Herzegovina
Most of the country has a continental climate with warm summers and cold, snowy winters in the mountains. Herzegovina in the south has a sunnier, Mediterranean-influenced climate with hot summers.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Sarajevo (approximate averages).
- AugustSarajevo Film FestivalThe Balkans' leading film festival brings open-air screenings and a buzzing atmosphere to the capital.
- JulyMostar Diving CompetitionDivers from around the region compete in a traditional high-dive contest from the Old Bridge.
- FebruarySarajevo Winter FestivalA long-running cultural festival of theatre, music and art across the city.
- JulyBaščaršija NightsEvening concerts and performances fill the old town of Sarajevo throughout the month.
How many days in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Day 1-2 explore Sarajevo's old town, the Latin Bridge and the Trebević cable car. Day 3 ride the scenic train or bus to Mostar via Konjic. Day 4-5 explore Mostar and take a day trip to Blagaj, Počitelj and Kravica Waterfalls.
Day 1-3 explore Sarajevo and the War Tunnel Museum. Day 4-6 travel to Mostar for the old town, Blagaj, Počitelj and Kravica. Day 7-8 head north to Jajce and its watermills. Day 9-10 finish with rafting in Una National Park near Bihać.
Backpacker budget: about $30–45 a day
- Bosnia is one of Europe's best-value countries, with plenty of hostels in Sarajevo's Baščaršija and Mostar's old town.
- Buses connect most towns; the Sarajevo to Mostar train is cheap and one of the most scenic rides in the Balkans.
- Fill up on burek, ćevapi and pita from bakeries for very little.
- Join free walking tours in Sarajevo and Mostar to understand the history from local guides.
- Stay in Mostar for sunrise or evening to enjoy the bridge without the crowds of day-trippers.
Stay safe
- Bosnia is generally safe, but landmines remain in some rural areas – stay on marked paths and paved roads when hiking.
- Watch out for pickpockets in busy old towns and on public transport.
- Mountain roads can be narrow and winding, and winter driving requires care and proper tyres.
- Be respectful and sensitive when discussing the war and politics with locals.
Money
- The currency is the convertible mark (KM, BAM); euros are sometimes accepted but change is given in marks.
- Cards work in hotels and many restaurants, but carry cash for small cafés, buses and bakeries; ATMs are common in towns.
- Tipping is customary: round up or leave around ten percent in restaurants.
Emergency: 122 police · 124 ambulance · 123 fire
Sarajevo International Airport is the main gateway, with Tuzla, Banja Luka and Mostar handling smaller flights. Many travellers arrive overland by bus from Croatia (Split or Dubrovnik), Serbia or Montenegro.
✈️ Cheap flights to Bosnia and Herzegovina: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Stari Most in Mostar was originally built in 1566 and rebuilt in 2004 using traditional techniques and original stone where possible.
- The country has a tiny stretch of Adriatic coastline, only around 20 km long, centred on the town of Neum.
- The Perućica reserve contains one of the last remaining primeval forests in Europe.
- Medieval stećci tombstones are listed by UNESCO and are found across the country.
- Bosnian coffee is served differently from Turkish coffee, with the grounds poured into the pot after the water boils.
Bosnia and Herzegovina travel questions
Is Bosnia and Herzegovina safe for tourists?
Yes, Bosnia is generally safe and very welcoming to travellers. The main extra precaution is to stay on marked paths in rural areas because of leftover landmines.
What is the best time to visit Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Late spring and early autumn offer pleasant weather and fewer crowds. Summer is great for rivers and waterfalls, while winter is ideal for skiing near Sarajevo.
How many days do you need in Bosnia?
Five days covers Sarajevo and Mostar with a few day trips. Allow ten days to add Jajce, the Una River and mountain areas.
Do I need a visa for Bosnia and Herzegovina?
It depends on your passport – check the official foreign ministry site or your nearest embassy before you travel.
Is Bosnia cheap to travel?
Bosnia is one of Europe's most affordable destinations, with inexpensive food, transport and accommodation. Mostar's old town can be pricier in peak summer.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Buses connect most towns, and a scenic train runs between Sarajevo and Mostar. Renting a car helps for rural areas.
- Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque – 16th-century Ottoman mosque, the heart of old Sarajevo
- Blagaj Tekke – Dervish house at the spring of the Buna River below a cliff
- Međugorje – Catholic pilgrimage village visited by millions
- Take time over coffee – it is a social ritual, not a quick drink
- Dress modestly and remove shoes in mosques
- Avoid bringing up politics or the war unless locals do
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