The story of Algeria
Long before any city rose on its coast, Algeria's Sahara was a green savanna, and the herders and hunters who lived there left thousands of paintings and engravings on the rock walls of the Tassili n'Ajjer plateau. Amazigh (Berber) peoples formed the backbone of the population, and in the centuries before Christ the kingdom of Numidia, led by rulers such as Massinissa, grew powerful enough to play Rome against Carthage.
Rome eventually absorbed the region and covered it with farms, roads and planned towns, which is why Algeria today holds some of the best-preserved Roman ruins anywhere, at Timgad, Djemila and Tipasa. Saint Augustine was born and served as bishop here. After the Vandals and Byzantines, Arab armies arrived in the seventh century, bringing Islam and the Arabic language, and a sequence of Amazigh and Arab dynasties ruled from cities such as Tlemcen and Béjaïa, which became centres of trade and learning.
Read the full history
In the sixteenth century Algiers came under the Ottoman sphere and grew into a powerful Mediterranean port. France invaded in 1830 and Algeria became a settler colony for more than a century, with a large European population and deep inequalities. Resistance was continuous, from Emir Abdelkader in the nineteenth century to the war of independence launched in 1954, a long and painful struggle that ended with independence on 5 July 1962.
Since then Algeria has built a modern state shaped by its oil and gas wealth, weathered a difficult internal conflict in the 1990s, and kept a strong sense of national pride. Because mass tourism never took hold, visitors today find Africa's largest country remarkably uncrowded: whitewashed casbahs, Roman cities without the crowds, the M'zab valley's fortified oasis towns, and some of the Sahara's most dramatic dunes and rock formations, all with a famously warm welcome.
Timeline
- c. 10,000-4000 BCRock art flourishes on the Tassili n'Ajjer plateau
- c. 202 BCMassinissa unites the Numidian kingdom
- AD 100Romans found the planned colonial town of Timgad
- 7th centuryArab armies bring Islam to the Maghreb
- 1516Algiers comes under Ottoman protection
- 1830French invasion begins 132 years of colonial rule
- 1954War of independence begins
- 1962Algeria becomes independent on 5 July
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Algeria (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Algeria appears below as soon as publishers report it.
Flying from Algiers to Tunis to Marseille on two unmarked, wet-leased Airbus A320s operated by Avion Express and Fly2Sky, with zero disclosure at booking.
#Lithuania#Bulgaria#Airbus#Points & Miles
There were no changes to the advisory level or risk indicators. Advisory summary was updated. Exercise increased caution in Algeria due to terrorism and kidnapping . Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel…
#Algeria#Visas & Entry RulesThings to do in Algeria
- Wander the Casbah of AlgiersLose yourself in the steep, whitewashed alleys of this UNESCO-listed Ottoman-era citadel above the bay.
- Walk the streets of TimgadStroll a near-complete Roman grid town with its triumphal arch, theatre and colonnaded avenues on a high plateau.
- Trek the Tassili n'AjjerHike among sandstone forests and prehistoric paintings of cattle, giraffes and dancers in the deep Sahara.
- Explore the M'zab valleyVisit Ghardaïa's five fortified hilltop towns, whose clean geometric architecture has inspired modern architects.
- Watch sunset at AssekremClimb to the Hoggar mountains' famous viewpoint for a sunrise or sunset over a sea of volcanic peaks.
- Cross Constantine's bridgesWalk the suspension bridges strung across the dizzying Rhumel gorge in the 'City of Bridges'.
- Picnic among Djemila's ruinsEnjoy mountain views from a Roman town draped over a ridge, complete with mosaics in its small museum.
- Swim on the Kabylie coastFind coves, cliffs and pine-backed beaches around Béjaïa and Tigzirt.
- Sleep under Saharan starsCamp among the dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental near Taghit or Timimoun for silence and blazing night skies.
- Eat couscous on a FridayJoin locals for the weekly family couscous and try regional dishes such as chakhchoukha and rechta.
Exercise increased caution in Algeria due to terrorism and kidnapping . Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory. Terrorism remains a possible threat in Algeria. Terrorist attacks have historically targeted…
#Algeria#Travel advisory#Visas & Entry RulesConnecting through Algiers Airport on Air Algerie, I was stopped and had my passport checked by three separate police officers on the same jet bridge.
#Algeria#Algiers#Passports#Points & Miles
Where to go in Algeria
- AlgiersCapital · Mediterranean coastA grand bay of French-era boulevards, the historic Casbah and the hilltop Notre-Dame d'Afrique basilica.
- 📍OranNorthwest · coast & raï musicA lively port city with Spanish forts, sea views and the birthplace of raï music.
- ConstantineNortheast · gorge cityPerched on a rocky plateau split by a deep gorge, it is one of the most dramatic cities in North Africa.
- 📍Timgad & BatnaAurès · Roman ruinsTimgad is a vast, superbly preserved Roman town; the Aurès mountains around it hide Amazigh villages.
- 📍TipasaCoast · Roman seaside ruinsRuins scattered among pines right on the shore make this an easy, beautiful day trip from Algiers.
- 📍GhardaïaM'zab valley · desert townsA UNESCO-listed group of oasis towns with a unique, centuries-old way of life and architecture.
- 📍Djanet & Tassili n'AjjerDeep south · desert & rock artGateway to one of the world's greatest open-air galleries of prehistoric art amid surreal rock landscapes.
- 📍Tamanrasset & the HoggarDeep south · mountainsBase for the volcanic Hoggar (Ahaggar) range and Tuareg culture, including the Assekrem hermitage.
- Explore the Casbah of Algiers on foot
- Walk the Roman streets of Timgad and Djémila
- Trek among the sandstone forests of Tassili n'Ajjer
- Visit the walled towns of the M'zab Valley
- Couscous – steamed semolina with vegetables and meat
- Chakhchoukha – torn flatbread in a spicy tomato stew
- Mhadjeb – thin folded pancakes stuffed with tomato and onion
- Chorba frik – lamb and cracked green wheat soup
Best time to visit Algeria
The north has a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and mild wet winters, while the high plateaus are cooler and can see snow. The Sahara, covering most of the country, is hot and dry with big day-night temperature swings and is best visited from October to March.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Algiers (approximate averages).
- JanuaryYennayer (Amazigh New Year)A national holiday celebrating the Amazigh new year with family feasts, crafts and cultural events, especially in Kabylie.
- Varies (Islamic month of Muharram)SebibaA centuries-old Tuareg festival in Djanet with drumming, chanting and rival groups in ceremonial dress, recognised by UNESCO.
- 5 JulyIndependence DayFlags, fireworks and concerts mark the anniversary of independence across the country.
- Varies (end of Ramadan)Eid al-FitrThe end of the fasting month brings family gatherings, new clothes and trays of sweet pastries.
How many days in Algeria?
Day 1-2 explore Algiers' Casbah, Martyrs' Memorial and Notre-Dame d'Afrique. Day 3 visit Tipasa's seaside ruins. Day 4-5 head east to Constantine for its bridges, with a side trip to Djemila.
Day 1-2 Algiers, then Day 3-4 Constantine and Djemila. Day 5 visit Timgad from Batna. Day 6-7 fly or travel south to Ghardaïa and the M'zab valley, and finish Day 8-10 in Djanet exploring the Tassili n'Ajjer with a guide.
Backpacker budget: about $30–50 a day
- Long-distance buses and shared taxis connect most northern cities cheaply; the coastal train between Oran, Algiers and Constantine is comfortable and inexpensive.
- Internal flights are the realistic way to reach the deep south, and desert trips such as Tassili or the Hoggar generally require a local agency and guide.
- Hostels are rare, so look for simple family-run hotels near city centres and bus stations.
- Street food is excellent and cheap: try garantita (chickpea flan), mhajeb (stuffed flatbread) and fresh bread from bakeries.
- Learn a few words of Arabic or French – English is not widely spoken, and locals are often keen to help.
Stay safe
- Northern cities and main sights are generally calm for visitors, but check your government's latest travel advice, especially for remote border areas.
- Travel to parts of the far south and border regions may be restricted or require escorts and permits arranged through an agency.
- Dress modestly, particularly outside central Algiers and Oran, and ask before photographing people, police or official buildings.
- Carry your passport and keep copies, as there can be police checkpoints on intercity roads.
Money
- Algeria is largely a cash economy; bring euros or US dollars and exchange at banks or authorised offices.
- International cards work only in some big hotels and ATMs are unreliable for foreign cards, so don't depend on them.
- Tipping is not obligatory, but rounding up in cafés and taxis and tipping guides is appreciated.
Emergency: 17 police · 14 fire & ambulance
Most visitors fly into Algiers Houari Boumediene Airport, with further international flights to Oran and Constantine. Ferries link Algiers and Oran with ports in France and Spain; the land border with Morocco has long been closed.
✈️ Cheap flights to Algeria: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Algeria is the largest country in Africa by area, and more than 80 percent of it is desert.
- The Tassili n'Ajjer holds one of the largest collections of prehistoric rock art in the world.
- Saint Augustine, one of Christianity's most influential thinkers, was born in what is now Souk Ahras.
- The author Albert Camus grew up in Algiers and set several of his works in the country.
- Amazigh (Tamazight) is an official language alongside Arabic.
Algeria travel questions
Is Algeria safe for tourists?
Main northern cities and the classic tourist sites are generally safe, and visitors often remark on how hospitable people are. Some remote border and desert areas are restricted or require organised tours, so always check your government's latest travel advice before you go.
Do I need a visa for Algeria?
It depends on your passport – most nationalities need to arrange a visa in advance. Check the official government site or the Algerian embassy before you travel.
What is the best time to visit Algeria?
Spring (March-May) and autumn (October-November) are best for the north, while October to March is the time for Sahara trips. Summer is very hot inland and in the desert.
What languages are spoken in Algeria?
Algerian Arabic (Darja) and Tamazight are widely spoken, and French is common in business and cities. English is limited, so a few phrases in Arabic or French go a long way.
How many days do I need in Algeria?
Five days covers Algiers and nearby Roman sites; ten to fourteen days lets you add Constantine, the M'zab valley and a Saharan region such as Djanet or Tamanrasset.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Domestic flights cover the long distances to the Sahara, while trains and buses link the northern cities. Desert areas are usually visited with a local guide and driver.
- Notre-Dame d'Afrique – Basilica on a hill above Algiers with views over the bay
- Djamaa El Djazaïr – The Great Mosque of Algiers, with one of the world's tallest minarets
- Assekrem – Mountain hermitage of Charles de Foucauld in the Hoggar, famous for sunrise
- Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees
- Use your right hand for eating and greeting
- Ask before photographing people
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