The story of Haiti
Haiti occupies the western third of the island of Hispaniola, which its Taíno inhabitants called Ayiti, meaning land of high mountains. The Taíno lived in chiefdoms, farming cassava and maize and carving stone ceremonial objects. Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492, and his flagship Santa María was wrecked off the north coast. Spanish colonisation, forced labour and introduced diseases devastated the Taíno population within a few decades.
France gained the western part of the island in 1697 and named it Saint-Domingue. Enslaved Africans, brought in vast numbers, worked sugar and coffee plantations that made it the most profitable colony in the Caribbean. In 1791 the enslaved population rose up in a revolution led by figures such as Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and on 1 January 1804 Haiti declared independence, becoming the first nation founded after a successful revolt by enslaved people and the first independent Black republic.
Read the full history
The young nation built mighty defences, including the Citadelle Laferrière, but faced international isolation and a crushing indemnity demanded by France in 1825. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries brought political instability, a United States occupation from 1915 to 1934, and the long Duvalier dictatorship that ended in 1986. In 2010 a powerful earthquake struck near Port-au-Prince, and the country has continued to face serious political and security challenges.
Haiti's culture remains extraordinarily rich: Vodou traditions, vibrant naive painting and metal art, compas music, and a Creole language spoken by everyone. For travellers, it holds UNESCO-listed revolutionary monuments in the north, colourful colonial towns, waterfalls and mountain scenery, though current security conditions mean most governments advise against visiting.
Timeline
- 1492Columbus arrives on Hispaniola
- 1697France gains western Hispaniola, which becomes Saint-Domingue
- 1791The Haitian Revolution begins
- 1804Haiti declares independence on 1 January
- 1825France demands an indemnity in return for recognising independence
- 1915–1934United States occupation of Haiti
- 1986End of the Duvalier dictatorship
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
- CARICOM – CARICOM member – Caribbean Community citizens often have easier entry.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Haiti (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Haiti appears below as soon as publishers report it.
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Things to do in Haiti
- Climb to the CitadelleHike or ride up to the colossal mountaintop fortress built after independence, with views over the northern plains.
- Explore Sans-Souci PalaceWander the grand ruins of King Henri Christophe's palace at the foot of the Citadelle.
- Stroll Cap-HaïtienWalk among the colourful colonial buildings and balconies of the old French capital.
- Swim at Bassin BleuDive into a series of turquoise pools and waterfalls in the hills above Jacmel.
- See papier-mâché masks in JacmelVisit artisan workshops crafting the elaborate masks worn during carnival.
- Relax on Île-à-VacheSpend lazy days on a car-free island with quiet beaches off the southern coast.
- Admire metal artWatch artists in Croix-des-Bouquets hammer recycled oil drums into intricate sculptures.
- Taste Haitian cuisineTry griot (fried pork), diri ak djon djon (black mushroom rice) and spicy pikliz.
There was no change to the advisory level or risk indicators. Advisory summary was updated to reflect changes to U.S. embassy operations. Do Not Travel to Haiti due to the risk of crime , kidnapping , terrorism , unrest , and…
#Haiti#United States#Visas & Entry RulesWhere to go in Haiti
- Citadelle LaferrièreNorth · UNESCO fortressThe largest fortress in the Americas, part of the National History Park with Sans-Souci and Ramiers.
- Cap-HaïtienNorth coast · colonial cityA historic port with old French architecture and nearby beaches.
- JacmelSoutheast · arts townA creative town known for its crafts, ironwork balconies and carnival masks.
- 📍Bassin BleuNear Jacmel · waterfallsThree blue pools linked by waterfalls in a lush mountain setting.
- 📍Île-à-VacheSouth coast · islandA quiet island of beaches, mangroves and fishing villages.
- 📍Port-SalutSouthwest · beachesLong palm-lined beaches and calm water on the southern peninsula.
- Climb to the Citadelle Laferrière
- Shop for Haitian paintings and metal art
- See the papier-mâché masks of Jacmel carnival
- Swim at Bassin Bleu waterfall pools
- Griot – fried marinated pork
- Diri ak djon djon – rice cooked with black mushrooms
- Soup joumou – pumpkin soup eaten on Independence Day
- Pikliz – spicy pickled cabbage relish
Best time to visit Haiti
Haiti has a hot tropical climate, cooler in the mountains. Rain falls mainly in two seasons, around April–May and August–October, and hurricanes are possible from June to November.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Port-au-Prince (approximate averages).
- February (before Lent)Kanaval (Carnival)Music trucks, costumes and rara bands fill the streets, with Jacmel famous for its masks.
- 1 JanuaryIndependence DayFamilies share soup joumou, a pumpkin soup that symbolises freedom.
- 1–2 NovemberFèt GedeA Vodou festival honouring the spirits of the dead, with ceremonies in cemeteries.
- JulySaut-d'Eau pilgrimagePilgrims gather at a sacred waterfall in a festival blending Catholic and Vodou traditions.
How many days in Haiti?
Only if official advice permits and with trusted local support: Day 1 arrive in Cap-Haïtien and walk the old town. Day 2 visit the Citadelle and Sans-Souci Palace. Days 3-4 relax at nearby beaches before departure.
Only if official advice permits and with trusted local support: Days 1-3 Cap-Haïtien and the Citadelle. Days 4-6 Jacmel and Bassin Bleu. Days 7-8 the southern coast around Port-Salut or Île-à-Vache.
Backpacker budget: about $40–70 a day
- Independent budget travel is not advisable in the current situation; use reputable local contacts or organisations for any movement.
- Shared tap-taps are colourful and cheap but are not recommended for visitors while security is poor.
- Learn some Haitian Creole greetings; French is also spoken in formal settings.
- Carry small denominations of cash, as change can be hard to come by.
- Buy local art directly from studios to support artisans.
Stay safe
- Most governments advise against all travel to Haiti because of serious insecurity, including kidnapping and armed violence; check your government's latest travel advice before considering a trip.
- Avoid road travel around Port-au-Prince and do not move without trusted local arrangements.
- Hurricanes, flooding and earthquakes are natural risks, so monitor alerts and know your emergency plan.
- Your travel insurance may not cover you if you travel against official advice.
Money
- The currency is the Haitian gourde, though US dollars are widely used for larger purchases.
- ATMs are limited and cards are accepted only in some hotels and businesses, so bring enough cash.
- Tipping around ten percent is appreciated in restaurants, and guides and drivers expect a tip.
Emergency: 114 police · 115 fire · 116 ambulance
Haiti's main international airports are in Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haïtien, though flights are frequently disrupted. Land crossings with the Dominican Republic exist but are subject to closures, so check the latest situation.
✈️ Cheap flights to Haiti: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Haiti was the second country in the Americas to win independence, after the United States.
- The Citadelle Laferrière is the largest fortress in the Americas.
- Soup joumou, eaten on Independence Day, is inscribed on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage.
- Haitian Creole and French are both official languages.
- Haiti is one of the most mountainous countries in the Caribbean.
Haiti travel questions
Is Haiti safe for tourists?
No – most governments currently advise against all travel to Haiti due to severe insecurity, including kidnapping and gang violence. Check your government's latest travel advice before making any plans.
When is the best time to visit Haiti?
December to March is driest and most comfortable. Late summer and autumn bring the highest hurricane risk.
What is Haiti famous for?
Haiti is famous for its 1804 revolution, the Citadelle Laferrière, vibrant art and music, and Vodou culture. Its cuisine and Creole language are also important parts of its identity.
Do I need a visa for Haiti?
It depends on your passport – rules vary by nationality. Check the official government site or embassy before you travel.
What language is spoken in Haiti?
Everyone speaks Haitian Creole, and French is also official, used in education and government. English is understood by some people in tourism and business.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Most visitors use private drivers or organised tours, as roads can be slow. Brightly painted tap-taps are the local shared transport.
- Saut-d'Eau – Waterfall pilgrimage site for Catholic and Vodou believers
- Cap-Haïtien Cathedral – Historic cathedral on the main square of Cap-Haïtien
- Greet people with bonjou or bonswa before starting a conversation
- Ask before taking photos of people
- Learn a few words of Haitian Creole
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