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📍 Maun📷 Pavel Špindler · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
🌍 Africa🗓️ Best: May–Oct

Botswana ✓

Delta safaris, salt pans and huge elephant herds

🕒 –:– local time1 stories this week1 sources 6 top placesCapital Gaborone

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Botswana📸 Photo album · 7 photos · Ultra-HD
Botswana📜 History of Botswana

The story of Botswana

Botswana's story begins with the San, hunter-gatherers whose ancestors have lived in the Kalahari for tens of thousands of years. Their rock paintings at the Tsodilo Hills, a place still regarded as sacred, are among the richest collections of rock art in the world. Around two thousand years ago, cattle-herding and farming communities arrived, and later Bantu-speaking groups spread across the region. Hilltop settlements linked to the Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe trading states thrived in the east.

From the eighteenth century, Tswana chiefdoms such as the Bangwato, Bakwena and Bangwaketse became the dominant powers, organising society around the kgotla, a public meeting place where community matters are openly debated. Missionaries like David Livingstone travelled through the area in the nineteenth century, and Tswana leaders faced pressure from Boer settlers in the south and the ambitions of Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa Company.

Read the full history

In 1885 Britain declared the Bechuanaland Protectorate, partly at the request of Tswana chiefs seeking protection. Three of them travelled to London in 1895 to argue successfully against being handed to Rhodes' company. The protectorate was governed lightly and with little investment. In 1966 it became the independent Republic of Botswana under Seretse Khama, a chief whose marriage to an Englishwoman had caused a political storm years earlier. At independence it was one of the poorest countries in the world.

The discovery of diamonds shortly after independence transformed Botswana, and careful management of that wealth helped make it one of Africa's most stable democracies. The country has chosen a high-value, low-impact approach to tourism, protecting vast wilderness areas. Visitors today can glide through the Okavango Delta by mokoro, watch elephants along the Chobe River, cross the shimmering Makgadikgadi salt pans and see ancient art at Tsodilo, all while experiencing a proud culture rooted in the kgotla tradition.

Timeline

  1. PrehistorySan hunter-gatherers create rock art at Tsodilo Hills
  2. c. 1st millennium ADHerding and farming communities settle the region
  3. 1700sTswana chiefdoms rise to dominance
  4. 1885Bechuanaland Protectorate declared by Britain
  5. 1895Three Tswana chiefs travel to London to defend their lands
  6. 1966Independence under President Seretse Khama
  7. 1967Major diamond deposits discovered at Orapa
  8. 2014Okavango Delta named a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Botswana✨ 10 best things to do in Botswana

Things to do in Botswana

  1. Glide by mokoro in the OkavangoSit low in a dugout canoe as a poler guides you through papyrus channels and water-lily lagoons.
  2. Watch elephants on the ChobeTake a sunset boat cruise as huge herds of elephants come down to drink and swim.
  3. Sleep under the stars on the salt pansCamp on the vast, silent Makgadikgadi Pans, where the night sky feels endless.
  4. Meet the meerkatsSit quietly near habituated meerkat colonies on the edge of the Makgadikgadi as they stand guard in the morning sun.
  5. See rock art at Tsodilo HillsWalk among thousands of ancient San paintings in a UNESCO-listed landscape called the 'Mountains of the Gods'.
  6. Go on a game drive in MoremiSearch for lions, leopards, wild dogs and buffalo in one of Africa's richest wildlife reserves.
  7. Take a scenic flight over the DeltaSee the maze of channels and islands from above, with herds crossing the floodplains below.
  8. Explore the Central KalahariDrive through one of the world's largest game reserves to find black-maned lions and desert-adapted antelope.
  9. Stand among Baines' BaobabsVisit a famous cluster of ancient baobab trees on the edge of a white salt pan.
  10. Visit a kgotla in a villageLearn about Botswana's traditional community meeting place and its role in local decision-making.
Botswana🗺️ Where to visit in Botswana

Where to go in Botswana

  • Okavango DeltaNorth · inland delta & wildlifeA vast seasonal wetland in the desert, teeming with wildlife and best explored by mokoro, boat or small plane.
  • Chobe National ParkNorth · elephants & riverFamous for its huge elephant population and spectacular river safaris near Kasane.
  • 📍
    Moremi Game ReserveOkavango · safariThe protected heart of the Delta, combining dry land and wetland for superb game viewing.
  • Makgadikgadi PansNortheast · salt pansAncient salt flats that host zebra migrations in the rains and lunar landscapes in the dry season.
  • Central Kalahari Game ReserveCentre · desert wildernessA remote expanse of grassland and fossil riverbeds for self-sufficient adventurers.
  • Tsodilo HillsNorthwest · rock artSacred hills holding thousands of rock paintings and a deep spiritual meaning for the San.
  • MaunNorth · gateway townThe lively jumping-off point for Delta trips, with scenic flights and mokoro excursions.
  • 📍
    GaboroneCapital · cultureA relaxed capital with a national museum, craft markets and nearby nature reserves.
Botswana✨ Must-do experiences
  • Glide through the Okavango in a mokoro canoe
  • Take a sunset boat safari on the Chobe River
  • Sleep under the stars on the Makgadikgadi salt pans
  • Take a scenic flight over the delta
Botswana🍽️ Taste of Botswana
  • Seswaa – slow-cooked pounded beef, the national dish
  • Bogobe – sorghum porridge
  • Morogo – wild spinach greens
  • Mopane worms – a crunchy, protein-rich local snack
Botswana🌦️ Weather & best time to visit Botswana

Best time to visit Botswana

Botswana is semi-arid, with hot, rainy summers and dry, sunny winters that can be very cold at night in the desert. The north is wetter and greener, while the Kalahari in the centre and southwest is dry for most of the year.

BestMay to October – the dry season, when animals gather at water and the Okavango floods are at their peak.
ShoulderApril and November – fewer visitors, lower rates and changing landscapes, though heat builds in November.
AvoidNo bad time – the December to March rains bring green scenery, newborn animals and great birding, but some camps and roads close.
32°💧💧Jan
31°💧💧Feb
30°💧Mar
28°💧Apr
25°☀️May
22°☀️Jun
23°☀️Jul
26°☀️Aug
30°☀️Sep
32°💧Oct
32°💧Nov
32°💧💧Dec

Typical daytime highs and rain in Gaborone (approximate averages).

Botswana🎉 Festivals & events in Botswana
  • March–April
    Maitisong FestivalGaborone's long-running arts festival showcases music, theatre and dance.
  • August
    Kuru Dance FestivalSan communities and guests gather near D'Kar to share traditional dance, music and storytelling.
  • 30 September
    Botswana DayIndependence is celebrated with parades, traditional dance and national pride across the country.
  • July
    President's DayA public holiday weekend marked by cultural events and celebrations.
Botswana🧭 Botswana itinerary ideas

How many days in Botswana?

5 daysChobe and the Delta

Day 1-2: start in Kasane for game drives and a sunset boat cruise in Chobe National Park. Day 3-5: fly to Maun and spend three days in the Okavango Delta with mokoro trips, walks and a scenic flight.

10 daysWild Botswana

Day 1-3: Chobe National Park and the river. Day 4-7: Okavango Delta and Moremi Game Reserve. Day 8-10: the Makgadikgadi Pans for meerkats, baobabs and nights under the stars, possibly adding the Tsodilo Hills.

Botswana🎒 Backpacking Botswana – tips & hacks

Backpacker budget: about $50–80 a day

  • Botswana is expensive for safaris, so join group overland tours or self-drive in a well-equipped 4x4 and camp to keep costs down.
  • Maun and Kasane have campsites and simple backpacker lodges that arrange affordable mokoro trips and boat cruises.
  • Book a mokoro trip from Maun into the community-run areas of the Delta, which is far cheaper than flying into private camps.
  • Local combis (minibuses) and long-distance buses link the main towns cheaply, though they do not reach the parks.
  • Stock up on food and water in larger towns, as supplies are limited and expensive in remote areas.
Botswana🛡️ Safety & money in Botswana

Stay safe

  • Botswana is one of Africa's safest countries, but take care with valuables in towns and avoid walking alone at night in cities.
  • Wildlife roams freely, including in unfenced camps, so never walk around after dark and always follow your guide's instructions.
  • Driving in remote areas requires a 4x4, spare tyres, extra fuel and water; watch out for animals on the roads, especially at night.
  • Take malaria precautions in the north, particularly during the rainy season.

Money

  • The currency is the pula (BWP), which means 'rain' in Setswana; ATMs are found in towns such as Gaborone, Maun and Kasane.
  • Cards are widely accepted in lodges, supermarkets and hotels, but carry cash for small purchases and rural areas.
  • Tipping safari guides, mokoro polers and camp staff is customary, and around 10% is usual in restaurants.

Emergency: 999 police · 997 ambulance · 998 fire

Botswana🛬 Getting to Botswana

Sir Seretse Khama International Airport in Gaborone has regional flights, while Maun and Kasane airports serve safari travellers, usually via Johannesburg. Many visitors also arrive overland from South Africa, Namibia, Zambia or Zimbabwe, with Victoria Falls a short drive from Kasane.

✈️ Cheap flights to Botswana: airports, flight times & best time to fly →

Botswana💡 Did you know? 5 facts about Botswana
  • The Okavango River never reaches the sea – it spreads out and evaporates into the Kalahari Desert.
  • Botswana is home to one of the largest elephant populations in Africa.
  • The national currency, pula, means 'rain', a precious resource in this dry country.
  • The Kalahari is not a true desert in the strictest sense, as it receives too much rain and supports grasses and trees.
  • Botswana is one of the world's leading producers of diamonds by value.
Botswana❓ Botswana travel FAQ

Botswana travel questions

Is Botswana safe for tourists?

Yes, Botswana is one of the safest and most stable countries in Africa. Normal precautions apply in towns, and safety around wildlife is the main thing to respect.

When is the best time to visit Botswana?

May to October is the classic dry season for wildlife viewing and peak Delta flooding. The green season from December to March is quieter, with dramatic storms and baby animals.

How many days do you need in Botswana?

Five days lets you combine Chobe and the Okavango Delta. Ten days or more adds the Makgadikgadi Pans or the Central Kalahari.

Do I need a visa for Botswana?

It depends on your passport – check the official government site or a Botswana embassy before you travel.

Is Botswana expensive to visit?

Botswana focuses on low-volume, high-value tourism, so luxury safaris are costly. Camping, self-driving and joining group tours from Maun or Kasane can make it far more affordable.

Botswana💰 What a trip costs
$$$price level
$50–80backpacker / day
$200–400mid-range / day

Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).

Botswana🚌 Getting around

Light aircraft fly visitors into remote safari camps, while main roads suit self-drive 4x4 trips. Buses connect larger towns.

Botswana🛕 Sacred & spiritual places
  • Tsodilo Hills – 'Mountain of the Gods' with thousands of ancient rock paintings
Botswana🤝 Local etiquette
  • Greet people with 'Dumela' before asking anything
  • Ask before photographing people or villages
  • Show respect to elders

📰 Older Botswana stories Everything our agents ever found – keeps loading as you scroll

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