The story of Bhutan
Bhutan's steep Himalayan valleys were home to scattered communities long before written records, but the country's identity was forged by Buddhism. Tradition holds that Guru Rinpoche, the 8th-century master credited with bringing Tantric Buddhism to the Himalaya, flew to the cliffs of Paro Taktsang on the back of a tigress to meditate. Over following centuries, rival Buddhist schools from Tibet founded monasteries across the valleys.
In the early 17th century the Tibetan lama Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal unified the valleys, built the great fortress-monasteries called dzongs and created a dual system of religious and civil government. He also gave Bhutan many of the laws and customs that still define it, and repelled several invasions from Tibet. After his death, regional governors competed for power for nearly two centuries.
Read the full history
In 1907 local leaders chose Ugyen Wangchuck as the first hereditary king, founding the Wangchuck dynasty that rules today. Bhutan signed treaties with British India and later independent India, but stayed deliberately isolated; there were no paved roads until the 1960s and tourists were first admitted in 1974. Television and the internet arrived only in 1999.
The fourth king championed the idea of Gross National Happiness, measuring progress by wellbeing and conservation rather than wealth alone, and in 2008 Bhutan became a constitutional monarchy with its first elected parliament. Tourism is managed with a 'high value, low volume' approach, and the country remains carbon negative with much of its land under forest. Visitors encounter living traditions everywhere: monks in maroon robes, prayer flags on every ridge, archery contests and masked festival dances in ancient dzong courtyards.
Timeline
- 8th centuryGuru Rinpoche brings Tantric Buddhism, according to tradition
- 1616Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal arrives and begins unifying Bhutan
- 1907Ugyen Wangchuck crowned first King of Bhutan
- 1961First five-year plan launches road building and modernisation
- 1971Bhutan joins the United Nations
- 1974First international tourists admitted
- 1999Television and internet introduced
- 2008Constitutional monarchy and first parliamentary elections
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Bhutan (Wikipedia) β
- IATA Travel Centre β passport, visa & health rules β
- U.S. passport holders β State Department country pages β
- UK passport holders β GOV.UK travel advice β
The latest visa and entry news for Bhutan appears below as soon as publishers report it.
Exercise normal precaution in Bhutan . Bhutan is generally a safe destination for travelers. Medical services for routine and emergency procedures are limited, specifically in rural areas. Read the Health section of the Travelβ¦
#Bhutan#Visas & Entry RulesThings to do in Bhutan
- Hike to Tiger's NestClimb through pine forest to Paro Taktsang, a monastery clinging impossibly to a cliff high above the valley.
- Watch a tshechuJoin locals in their finest dress to watch masked monks perform sacred dances in a dzong courtyard.
- Explore Punakha DzongCross a wooden cantilever bridge to the majestic fortress at the meeting of two rivers, stunning in spring jacaranda season.
- Cross Dochula PassStop among 108 memorial chortens and, on clear days, gaze at a sweeping line of Himalayan peaks.
- Try archeryCheer on teams at Bhutan's national sport, where targets sit an astonishing distance away.
- Spot black-necked cranesVisit the glacial Phobjikha Valley in winter when rare cranes arrive from Tibet.
- Taste ema datshiEat the national dish of fiery chillies in melted cheese with red rice.
- Trek the high HimalayaTackle routes like the Druk Path or Jomolhari trek past yak herders and turquoise lakes.
- Soak in a hot stone bathRelax in a traditional wooden tub heated with river stones and infused with herbs.
- Browse Thimphu weekend marketWander stalls of chillies, dried cheese, incense and handicrafts in the capital.
Where to go in Bhutan
- ParoWest Β· valley & monasteriesHome to the international airport, Tiger's Nest, Rinpung Dzong and the ancient Kyichu Lhakhang temple.
- ThimphuWest Β· capitalA capital with no traffic lights, giant Buddha statue, the Tashichho Dzong and lively craft schools.
- PunakhaWest-central Β· fortress & rice fieldsA warmer valley with Bhutan's most beautiful dzong and terraced rice paddies.
- Phobjikha ValleyCentral Β· glacial valleyA wide, peaceful valley famous for its wintering cranes and the Gangtey monastery.
- BumthangCentral Β· spiritual heartlandA cluster of valleys filled with some of Bhutan's oldest temples, plus local cheese and apple brandy.
- Dochula PassBetween Thimphu and Punakha Β· viewpointA high pass crowned with chortens and panoramic Himalayan views.
- πHaa ValleyWest Β· remote valleyA rarely visited valley of farmhouses and temples reached over the high Chele La pass.
- πTrongsaCentral Β· historic dzongIts huge dzong once controlled east-west trade and is the ancestral seat of the royal family.
- Hike up to Tiger's Nest monastery
- Watch masked dances at a tsechu festival
- Try archery, the national sport
- Trek through high mountain valleys
- Ema datshi β chillies cooked in cheese, the national dish
- Red rice β nutty rice grown in the valleys
- Momos β steamed dumplings with meat or cheese
- Suja β butter tea with salt
Best time to visit Bhutan
Bhutan's climate ranges from humid subtropical in the southern foothills to alpine in the north. Central valleys like Paro and Thimphu are mild by day and cold at night, with summer monsoon rains.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Thimphu (approximate averages).
- March or AprilParo TshechuFive days of masked dances culminate in the dawn unveiling of a giant thangka painting.
- September or OctoberThimphu TshechuThe capital's biggest festival draws crowds in their finest dress to watch sacred cham dances.
- February or MarchPunakha DrubchenDancers re-enact a historic 17th-century battle against Tibetan invaders.
- NovemberBlack-Necked Crane FestivalPhobjikha celebrates the cranes' arrival with dances and conservation events.
- October or NovemberJambay Lhakhang DrupA Bumthang festival known for its midnight fire blessing ceremony.
How many days in Bhutan?
Days 1-2 arrive in Paro and drive to Thimphu for the dzong, giant Buddha and markets. Day 3 cross Dochula Pass to Punakha Dzong. Days 4-5 return to Paro, finishing with the hike to Tiger's Nest.
Days 1-3 Paro and Thimphu sights. Days 4-5 Dochula, Punakha and the Phobjikha Valley. Days 6-8 continue via Trongsa to the temples of Bumthang, then days 9-10 drive back west for Tiger's Nest before flying out.
Backpacker budget: about $150β250 a day
- Bhutan is not a classic backpacker destination: most visitors pay a daily sustainable development fee and book a licensed guide, so budget carefully and check current rules.
- Travel in the winter or summer low season when guided packages and hotels are more flexible.
- Indian nationals have different entry arrangements, so check the official rules for your passport.
- Eat where locals do β simple canteens serve rice, dal and ema datshi for little money.
- Share a guide and vehicle with friends to split costs on the road.
Stay safe
- Bhutan is very safe with extremely low crime.
- Mountain roads are narrow and winding; landslides can close them in the monsoon, so allow buffer days.
- Acclimatise before high treks and watch for altitude sickness symptoms.
- Remove hats and shoes where requested in temples, walk clockwise around chortens and do not point at religious images.
Money
- The currency is the ngultrum, pegged to the Indian rupee, which is also widely accepted (avoid large rupee notes).
- ATMs exist in Thimphu and Paro but can be unreliable; carry some cash before heading to rural valleys.
- Tipping guides and drivers at the end of a trip is customary and appreciated.
Emergency: 113 police Β· 110 fire Β· 112 ambulance
Paro International Airport is the only international gateway, with dramatic approaches served by Bhutan's national carriers; overland entry is possible from India at Phuentsholing and other southern border towns.
βοΈ Cheap flights to Bhutan: airports, flight times & best time to fly β
- Bhutan is often described as the world's first carbon-negative country.
- The sale of tobacco was banned for years, and Thimphu has no traffic lights.
- Gangkhar Puensum, Bhutan's highest peak, is among the tallest unclimbed mountains in the world.
- Bhutan's constitution requires a significant share of the country to stay forested.
- Archery is the national sport, and matches feature singing, dancing and playful taunting of opponents.
Bhutan travel questions
Is Bhutan safe for tourists?
Bhutan is one of the safest countries in Asia with very low crime. The main hazards are winding mountain roads and altitude on treks.
When is the best time to visit Bhutan?
Spring (March to May) and autumn (October to November) bring the clearest views and major festivals. Summer is rainy and winter is cold but quiet.
How many days do you need in Bhutan?
Five days covers Paro, Thimphu and Punakha. Ten days or more lets you reach the central valleys of Bumthang or complete a trek.
Do I need a visa and guide for Bhutan?
Requirements depend on your passport, and most visitors must book through licensed operators and pay a daily fee. Check the official government tourism site or embassy before you travel, as rules change.
Is Bhutan expensive to visit?
Bhutan is pricier than neighbouring countries because of its daily sustainable development fee and guided travel model. Costs fall in the low season and if you share a guide and car.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Most visitors travel with a licensed guide and driver on winding mountain roads. Paro has the only international airport.
- Paro Taktsang (Tiger's Nest) β Famous cliffside monastery linked to Guru Rinpoche
- Punakha Dzong β Beautiful fortress-monastery where two rivers meet
- Kyichu Lhakhang β One of Bhutan's oldest and most loved temples
- Walk clockwise around temples, stupas and prayer wheels
- Wear long sleeves and trousers or skirts at dzongs and temples
- Ask before taking photos inside temples β it is often not allowed
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