The story of Yemen
The southwestern corner of Arabia was once the fabled 'Arabia Felix', a fertile land of terraced mountains and wealthy incense kingdoms. From the early first millennium BC the Sabaeans, Minaeans, Qatabanians and Himyarites grew rich trading frankincense and myrrh along caravan routes to the Mediterranean. The Sabaean capital of Marib was famed for its great dam, an engineering marvel that irrigated the desert for centuries, and local tradition links the region with the legendary Queen of Sheba.
Islam arrived in the seventh century, and Yemen became home to a succession of local dynasties, including the Zaydi imams who ruled parts of the northern highlands for roughly a thousand years. Its mountain towns developed a unique architecture of multi-storey tower houses decorated with white gypsum friezes. In the sixteenth century the Ottomans contested the region, while the port of Mocha gave its name to the coffee that Yemen exported to the world. In 1839 the British took Aden, which grew into one of the busiest harbours on the sea route to India.
Read the full history
The twentieth century saw Yemen split in two. The north became a kingdom under the imams and, after a 1962 revolution and civil war, the Yemen Arab Republic, while the south gained independence from Britain in 1967 and became the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. The two unified in 1990. Political turmoil after 2011 led to a civil war from 2014 that has drawn in regional powers and caused one of the world's most severe humanitarian crises.
Yemen's heritage remains extraordinary: the mud-brick 'skyscrapers' of Shibam, the gingerbread-like old city of Sana'a, the ancient ruins of Marib and the otherworldly island of Socotra. Hospitality, poetry and the afternoon qat gathering are central to daily life. Because of the ongoing conflict, most governments advise against all travel, so these treasures are for now best appreciated from afar.
Timeline
- c. 1000 BCRise of the Sabaean kingdom and incense trade
- c. 570Final collapse of the Great Dam of Marib
- 7th centuryIslam spreads across Yemen
- 1839Britain takes control of Aden
- 1962Revolution in the north ends the imamate
- 1967South Yemen gains independence from Britain
- 1990North and South Yemen unify
- 2014Civil war begins
Entry rules depend on your passport and change often.
Before you book, check the official rules for your passport:
- Visa policy of Yemen (Wikipedia) ↗
- IATA Travel Centre – passport, visa & health rules ↗
- U.S. passport holders – State Department country pages ↗
- UK passport holders – GOV.UK travel advice ↗
The latest visa and entry news for Yemen appears below as soon as publishers report it.
Yemen’s Houthis warned airlines against using Saudi Arabian airspace on October 5, 2026, as renewed fighting in Yemen…
#Saudi Arabia#Yemen#Flights & Airlines
Officials from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey will convene in Riyadh for a crucial meeting regarding their recently established joint defense pact amidst escalating tensions with the Houthis in Yemen.
Things to do in Yemen
- Old City of Sana'aGaze up at tower houses iced with white gypsum patterns rising above a maze of ancient souqs.
- Shibam's mud skyscrapersMarvel at a walled city of high-rise mud-brick houses that has stood in the Hadramawt desert for centuries.
- Socotra's dragon's blood treesWalk among umbrella-shaped trees and bottle trees found nowhere else on Earth.
- Ruins of MaribStand among the pillars of ancient Sabaean temples tied to the legend of the Queen of Sheba.
- Haraz MountainsHike between stone villages perched on cliff tops above dizzying terraced fields.
- Yemeni coffeeTaste the heritage of the beans that made the port of Mocha a byword for coffee.
- Dar al-HajarPhotograph the rock palace that rises from a boulder in Wadi Dhahr near Sana'a.
- Taste saltahTry the national dish, a bubbling stew topped with frothy fenugreek, scooped up with flatbread.
- Wadi HadramawtDrive through a vast desert canyon lined with palm groves and mud-brick towns.
- ZabidExplore a historic Islamic university town of whitewashed houses on the Red Sea coastal plain.
Where to go in Yemen
- 📍Sana'aHighlands · old cityOne of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with a UNESCO-listed old town of ornate tower houses.
- ShibamHadramawt · desert architectureNicknamed the 'Manhattan of the Desert' for its tightly packed mud-brick high-rises.
- SocotraArabian Sea · islandA UNESCO-listed island of surreal endemic plants, white dunes and turquoise lagoons.
- 📍MaribEast · ancient ruinsThe former Sabaean capital, with temple ruins and remains of the ancient dam.
- AdenSouth · port cityA historic harbour city built partly inside an extinct volcanic crater.
- 📍Haraz MountainsWest · terraced villagesFortified stone villages cling to peaks above spectacular agricultural terraces.
- ZabidTihama · historic townA UNESCO-listed town that was once a major centre of Islamic learning.
- TarimHadramawt · religious centreA city of many mosques and elegant mud-brick palaces in the heart of Wadi Hadramawt.
- See the dragon's blood trees of Socotra
- Walk among Shibam's mud towers
- Taste traditional Yemeni coffee
- Camp on Socotra's beaches
- Saltah – bubbling meat stew topped with fenugreek froth
- Mandi – slow-cooked meat and rice
- Bint al-sahn – layered honey bread
- Qishr – spiced drink made from coffee husks
Best time to visit Yemen
Yemen ranges from cool, high mountains around Sana'a to hot, humid coastal plains along the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The highlands get two short rainy spells in spring and late summer, while the eastern deserts are hot and dry.
Typical daytime highs and rain in Sana'a (approximate averages).
- Varies (lunar calendar)RamadanA month of daytime fasting with festive family meals and lively streets after sunset.
- Varies (lunar calendar)Eid al-FitrMarks the end of Ramadan with prayers, new clothes, sweets and family visits.
- Varies (lunar calendar)Eid al-AdhaThe Feast of Sacrifice, celebrated with shared meals and charity.
- MayUnity DayA national holiday on 22 May marking the 1990 unification of North and South Yemen.
How many days in Yemen?
Day 1-2 explore the old city of Sana'a and the rock palace of Dar al-Hajar. Day 3-5 head into the Haraz Mountains for village walks among terraced fields.
Day 1-3 Sana'a and the highlands. Day 4-6 fly or drive to Wadi Hadramawt for Shibam, Seiyun and Tarim. Day 7-10 finish on Socotra with guided camping among dragon's blood trees and lagoons.
Backpacker budget: about $40–70 a day
- Independent backpacking in Yemen is not currently realistic – most governments advise against all travel, so follow official advice first.
- Socotra has occasionally been visited on organised tours with local operators; never attempt it without a reputable licensed guide.
- Local food such as saltah, fasoulia beans and flatbread is filling and inexpensive at simple eateries.
- Dress conservatively, especially outside cities – long trousers and covered shoulders for everyone, plus a headscarf for women.
- Carry plenty of copies of your documents, as checkpoints are frequent.
Stay safe
- Yemen is affected by an ongoing armed conflict and most governments advise against all travel – check your government's latest travel advice.
- Kidnapping, terrorism and landmines are serious risks, and consular help is extremely limited or unavailable.
- Standard travel insurance usually does not cover destinations under 'do not travel' advisories.
- If you must travel, do so only with professional security arrangements and trusted local contacts.
Money
- The currency is the Yemeni rial; exchange rates can differ between regions of the country.
- Yemen is largely a cash economy – international cards and ATMs are unreliable, so bring clean US dollar notes.
- Tipping is not expected but small gratuities for drivers and guides are appreciated.
Emergency: 194 police · 191 ambulance & fire
International flights to Yemen are very limited and subject to change, mainly via Aden and Seiyun; overland borders with Saudi Arabia and Oman are generally not practical for tourists.
✈️ Cheap flights to Yemen: airports, flight times & best time to fly →
- Yemen is often described as the birthplace of coffee cultivation as a commercial crop, shipped through the port of Mocha.
- Shibam's mud-brick towers are among the oldest high-rise buildings in the world.
- Around a third of Socotra's plant species are found nowhere else on Earth.
- Sana'a's old city sits at an altitude of over 2,000 metres.
- The curved jambiya dagger worn at the belt is a traditional symbol of manhood in much of Yemen.
Yemen travel questions
Is Yemen safe for tourists?
No – Yemen is affected by an ongoing civil war, and most governments advise against all travel. Risks include armed conflict, terrorism and kidnapping, so check your government's latest travel advice.
Do I need a visa for Yemen?
It depends on your passport – check the official government site or a Yemeni embassy before you travel. Requirements can differ by region and change frequently.
Can you visit Socotra?
Socotra has received small numbers of visitors on organised tours, but it is still part of Yemen and covered by official travel warnings. Check your government's advice and only consider it with a reputable licensed operator.
What is the best time to visit Yemen?
October to March brings the most comfortable weather in the highlands and on the coast. Summer is extremely hot in the lowlands and windy on Socotra.
What language is spoken in Yemen?
Arabic is the official language, and Socotra has its own ancient language, Soqotri. English is limited outside a few educated circles, so a guide or interpreter is essential.
Approximate daily cost per person (stay, food, local transport).
Most visitors travel on organised tours with local guides and drivers. Socotra is usually reached by flight with a tour arranged in advance.
- Great Mosque of Sana'a – One of the oldest mosques in the world, from the 7th century
- Tarim – Hadramaut town of hundreds of mosques and Islamic scholarship
- Dress very modestly; women usually cover their hair
- Use your right hand for eating and greeting
- Always ask before photographing people
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